Total Body Sodium Balance in Chronic Kidney Disease

Calcium Balance in Chronic Kidney Disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The kidneys play a critical role in the balance between the internal milieu and external environment. Kidney failure is known to disrupt a number of homeostatic mechanisms that control serum calcium and normal bone metabolism. However, our understanding of calcium balance throughout the stages of chronic kidney disease is limited and the concept of balance itself, especially w...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...

Body composition in chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the latest information on body composition among patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity is increasing among patients with end-stage renal disease and is more prevalent when direct measures of adiposity are used rather than BMI. High BMI is not associated with better survival among patients with earlier chr...

Sleep apnea prevalence in chronic kidney disease - association with total body water and symptoms

BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is common and associated with poor outcome in severe chronic kidney disease, but validated screening tools are not available. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of sleep apnea in this population, to assess the validity of screening for sleep apnea using an ApneaLink device and to investigate the relationship of sleep apnea to; symptoms, spirometry and body wa...